AC – alternating current, mains power supply 110 – 120 V or 220 – 240 V.

Amp – unit of current.

Capacitors – used to store energy in the charger.

Current – duration and magnitude of current causes the shock of the electric fence. Increasing the voltage increases current, while increasing resistance decreases current.

DC – direct current, battery power supply (i.e., 12 V battery input).

Fault / Short – energy loss from the fence (i.e., live wire lying on the ground, vegetation growing over the fence, etc. Ground – the rod(s) in the ground connected to the ground terminal on the charger.

Joule – unit of energy. One joule is one watt of power for one second.

Leadout Wire – section of underground cable or wire that carries the electrical current from the charger to the fence.

Live – the current-carrying wire connected to the charger fence output terminal.

Ohm – unit of resistance.

Output Energy – effective energy delivered by the charger.

Pulse – brief electrical current given by a charger, approximately 0.0003 seconds per pulse.

Resistance – loss of power and voltage on the fence.

Stored Energy – energy accumulated in the storage capacitor(s) in between output pulses.

Watt – unit of power. One watt is one joule per second.

Volt / Voltage – unit of electrical pressure causing current to flow. Sometimes it is stated as “kV” or kilovolts which is equal to 1000 volts.